Burnout, a syndrome characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment, is a growing concern among healthcare professionals globally, particularly medical residents. Previous studies have shown higher prevalence of burnout in medical personnel compared to the general population, and it has been linked to negative outcomes such as medical errors and substance abuse. Understanding the factors contributing to burnout among medical residents in low-income countries like Kenya is crucial for developing effective and geographically contextual interventions to mitigate its impact on both healthcare professionals and patients in Africa and beyond. 

A mixed-methods study conducted by Aga Khan University (AKU) faculty Dr Charles Muteshi, Dr Dorothy Kamya, and medical resident Dr Elizabeth Ochola surveyed 120 residents across various medical programmes at AKU in Nairobi. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was used to assess the level of burnout among medical residents. Participants also participated in focus group discussions to explore their perceptions of coping mechanisms and the impact of burnout on patient care. 

Of the 120 residents invited to participate, 95 consented. Nearly half (47.3%) of the participants were identified as having a high risk of burnout. Female residents were significantly more likely to experience burnout compared to their male counterparts. Residents in paediatrics and child health had the highest risk of burnout, followed by those in internal medicine and surgery. 

Thematic analysis of the focus group discussions revealed that the primary sources of stress for residents included departmental conflict, workload, and the struggle to balance work and personal life. Burnout was associated with negative coping mechanisms, such as substance abuse and avoidance. Residents reported feeling more likely to make medical errors when under stress. 

The association between burnout and negative coping mechanisms is a significant concern. 

Substance abuse and avoidance can exacerbate burnout and lead to further negative consequences. Implementing wellness programmes and providing support services can help residents develop healthier coping strategies. 

The impact of burnout on patient care is a critical issue. Residents who are experiencing burnout may be more prone to medical errors and may provide suboptimal care. Addressing burnout is essential for ensuring patient safety and quality of care. The findings of this study are consistent with previous research highlighting the high prevalence of burnout among medical residents across the globe. 

These crucial findings highlight the need for engaging interventions to address the workplace stressors that contribute to burnout and to promote healthy coping mechanisms. By addressing burnout, we can improve the well-being of medical residents and enhance the quality of patient care.